In the early to mid 1800s the property became a cotton plantation worked by enslaved people, who were held in bondage and forced to labor here. Archaeologists believe 12 to 16 cabins once stood on the land, with four or five people living in each. A cemetery on the west side holds the remains of 43 enslaved people. Enslaved workers also made bricks at the on-site kiln, and those bricks were used in parts of the house. The plantation system collapsed after the Civil War; the National Park Service took over in 1938, and the last of five generations of Chamberlains left in 1944.