Big Meadows is a designed cultural landscape developed between 1931 and 1952, with the meadow, campground, lodge, visitor center and wayside linked by a main access road. A Civilian Conservation Corps camp at Big Meadows, first called Camp NP-2 and later Camp Fechner, housed about 200 men. CCC crews built trails, shelters and picnic areas and worked on erosion control and native vegetation.
The nearby meadow also holds two mafic fens with globally rare plant communities and eight plant species rare in Virginia. That wetland life is part of what makes this area more than a place to sleep between hikes.